Common Causes -
1. Tooth Decay ( Cavity or caries )
One of the most primary reason for sudden tooth pain is tooth decay. It can be of various types like sharp pain, throbbing pain, dull pain etc, when there is involvement of nerves inside the pulp of the tooth.
If the tooth decay is detected early, treatment usually involves filling the cavity to prevent further damage. If decay progress and reaches inner layer of tooth, then may be it can lead to root canal treatment.
2. Gum Swelling
Inflammation and infection of the gums can create discomfort. It starts with plaque formation, leading to inflammation, bleeding and eventually damage to the surrounding structures of the teeth.
The early stage is called gingivitis which can be treated by adopting good oral hygiene but if it reaches to later stage called periodontitis, then scaling and root planning is necessary.
In this patient has habit of clenching their teeth, often unconsciously during sleep. This can lead to tooth attrition ( tooth wear ), or crack, or even a sudden toothache.
It can be managed with the use of night guard, which helps to prevent further damage to the teeth. In some cases dental crown (cap) can be given.
4. Tooth Abscess
It is a very serious infection that occur at the root of the tooth or between gums and teeth. It is due to untreated caries, gum problems, pus formation, any trauma. Pain is usually throbbing type.
It needs immediate attention. Treatment involves drainage of pus or abscess to remove infection and performing a root canal to preserve the teeth.
5. Impacted Tooth ( wisdom tooth )
When wisdom tooth try to erupt but there is no space for eruption of the tooth, they can push against other teeth causing dental pain. It often leads to less jaw opening, swelling etc.
In most of the cases, extraction are preferred. Also patient can apply pain relieving gel to your mouth.
5. Sensitivity
It is also a common dental problem that causes sharp pain in your teeth. It is due to exposed dentin layer. It usually feel when you eat or drink hot or cold. You might feel pain while brushing or flossing your teeth.
Use desensitizing toothpaste and brush gently with soft bristled toothbrush.
If sensitivity persist for a longer period of time, then visit a dental clinic and they will give protective coating on the teeth or dental bonding agent.
6. Fractured Tooth
A sharp pain when you bite or chewing something. Sensitivity can feel. Swelling may seen.
Tale pain killer medication and salt water rinse.
If pain persist, visit a dentist, if the crack is more significant, a dental crown may be needed or root canal treatment.
7. Trauma
If pain persist, see a dentist and it can be hard to tell how severe the damage is without any X-ray and according to that treatment is plan.

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